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Mercury-arc valve
A mercury-arc valve or mercury-vapor rectifier or (UK) mercury-arc rectifier〔''Electrical Year Book 1937'', Emmott and Company, Manchester, England, pp 180-185〕〔Rissik, H.,Mercury-Arc Current Converters, Pitman. 1941.〕 is a type of electrical rectifier used for converting high-voltage or high-current alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC). It is a type of cold cathode gas-filled tube, but is unusual in that the cathode, instead of being solid, is made from a pool of liquid mercury and is therefore self-restoring. As a result, mercury-arc valves were much more rugged, long-lasting and could carry much higher currents than most other types of gas discharge tube.
Invented in 1902 by Peter Cooper Hewitt, mercury-arc rectifiers were used to provide power for industrial motors, electric railways, streetcars, and electric locomotives, as well as for radio transmitters and for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission. They were the primary method of high power rectification before the advent of semiconductor rectifiers, such as diodes, thyristors and gate turn-off thyristors (GTOs) in the 1970s.
== History ==
The mercury arc rectifier was invented by Peter Cooper Hewitt in 1902 and further developed throughout the 1920s and 1930s by researchers in both Europe and North America. Before its invention, the only way to convert AC current provided by utilities to DC was by using expensive, inefficient, and high maintenance rotary converters or motor-generator sets. Mercury-arc rectifiers or "converters" were used for charging storage batteries, arc lighting systems〔I.C.S. Reference Library volume 4B, International Textbook Company, Scranton PA 1908, section 53, page 34.〕 the DC traction motors for trolley buses, trams and subways and electroplating equipment. The mercury rectifier was used well into the 1970s, when it was finally replaced by semiconductor rectifiers.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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